The French and Russian Revolutions Before and After

Throughout history, countries around the world have demanded political change. Most of these changes have resulted in a step in the direction of democracy. However, the sustainability of a new democratic regime depends on how strong the foundations of the democratic institutions are. France and Russia are two of the most notable states that sought to replace dysfunctional authoritarian models with democracy. Despite approaching democracy in similar ways, democracy in France proved to be successful and democracy in Russia was not. This is because unlike France, the democratic institutions in Russia were built on weak foundations making democratic performance in Russia illegitimate. Although the origins of Russia may be unclear, it is widely accepted that Ivan the terrible is known as the first Russian emperor, or tsar. Ivan demonstrated authoritarian rule through his destruction of government institutions that interfered with his consolidation of power and developed a personal police force to terrorize political oppositions. This type of authoritarian leader continued in Russia through leaders such as Vladimir Ilich Lenin and Joseph Stalin. After Lenin, and the Communist Party, took power after a revolutionary victory in 1917, Russia was renamed the Soviet Union and broken up into 15 districts. The USSR recognized Russia’s multinational identity by creating a federal system around major ethnic groups. However, the new republics had very little power and authority was in theShow MoreRelatedThe French Revolution And The Age Of Enlightenment854 Words   |  4 PagesBorn of two fathers, the American Revolution and the age of enlightenment, the French revolu tion was primarily a social upheaval that conspired to overthrow religious and privileged classes. The French Revolution changed the degree to which the people were willing to suffer and sacrifice in order to achieve their war aims through democratizing the Army and creating the necessity of larger political alliances than ever before. Guibert wrote in his Essai: Imagine that there arose in Europe a peopleRead More Russian Revolution Essay1711 Words   |  7 PagesRussia had been an autocratic government for 300 years under the Romanov Dynasty before the revolution of 1917. When problems started in the early 1900’s most people were serfs that had been freed about 20 years before. In 1914 during World War One, Czar Nicholas II decided to stay in war with Germany despite what the rest of his country thought. Nicholas posed a distraction from the countries problems. His plan was to keep his soldiers minds off of the horrible living conditions of Russia by stayingRead MoreThe French And Russian Revolutions1598 Words   |  7 PagesThe French and Russian Revolutions featured hated monarchies, fascinating rumors, and allusive innuendos which made them both very interesting. In fact, in both revolutions, the murder of the royal family was one of the more historic events of the war. In France at the time of the revolution, the rulers were M arie Antoinette-born Marie Antoine-from Austria, and Louis XVI-born Louis-Auguste. The two were married when Marie Antoinette was fourteen and Louis was fifteen. In Russia at the time of theirRead MoreNapoleon s Position As The Leader Of France1188 Words   |  5 PagesThe French Revolution marked a significant shift in the status of not only France but also Europe and the world as an entirety. In a period of uproar and uncertainty, the people of France saw themselves without a specific leader to alter the status of the country. By taking full control of almost every aspect of the country, Napoleon Bonaparte s position as the leader of France saw significant changes in the army, economic and social positions of the once powerful nation. In his rapidRead MoreThe Revolutions That Changed Their Respective Societies1482 Words   |  6 Pages Throughout history, the world has seen revolts. Revolutionaries attempting to overthrow the government. But only a few are called revolutions, because they succeeded in overthrowing their government. In this paper, I will examine the 5 revolutions that we have studied thus far: American, French, Haitian, Mexican, and Russian revolutions, and whether they fundamentally changed their respective societies. The revolutionaries promised change that would benefit the people, but when one looks closelyRead MoreEssay on The United States and World War I1683 Words   |  7 PagesI. With the assassination sparking the start of World War I, the U.S. didn’t enter the war right away. In fact, the U.S. waited about 3 years to enter the war. They wanted to stay neutral and thought that the war was none of their concern. Shor tly after the start of the war, Woodrow Wilson declared a policy of neutrality. They wouldn’t be involved on any side in the war, but would offer loans, trades, and sell weapons to both sides. The U.S. stayed neutral up until 1917. They entered the war for manyRead MoreEssay about Napoleon Bonaparte: A Not Ordinary Man1139 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the bloodiest revolutions in the history, the French Revolution, had end. This revolution had a significant impact to the French society, but it left several horrific and bad effects to the French people, especially for those who were guillotined. Despite of these impacts, there was a man who put the French society to a new beginning. Napoleon Bonaparte, a French military and political leader, gained popularity because he was no ordinary man. His intelligence in his childhood, his heroismRead MoreThe Russian Dance And Ballet1655 Words   |  7 Pages The history of Russian dance and ballet is extraordinarily complex. The Russia ns have always enjoyed dance; they were dancing for entertainment and ritual before they were even introduced to Christianity. However, the start of their most culturally significant form of dance, ballet, did not start until 1675 in a small town near Moscow (The Great History 11). Since its humble beginnings, ballet’s evolution in Russia has exploded. Most notably, its growth can be seen through two world famous theaters:Read MoreNapoleon Bonaparte/ Napoleon I, is considered one of the greatest military leaders in history. He1300 Words   |  6 Pagesexiled because his troops had been overpowered by Russians. Napoleon I conquered much of Europe, and continued being a leader after being exiled. Napoleon Bonaparte was born on August 15, 1769 in Ajaccio, France. He was the fourth child of 11. A child of Carlo Buonaparte and Letizia Romolino. His father was known for his Corsican nobility. After the annexation of Corsica by France in 1769, Carlo received the same rights and privileges as the French nobility. In January 1779 a young Napoleon leftRead MoreThe Rise Of The 19th Century951 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The 19th century had also witnessed a succession of military revolutions. At sea, steel had superseded wooden hulls and steam had superseded sail. HMS Dreadnought, launched by Britain in 1906 with turbine engines and 10 12-inch guns, made all existing battleships obsolete. â€Å" The military revolutions prior to the first world war came at a high cost, and to build these ships, artillery and weaponry, which would improve the employment and government spending in the economy. This increase in government

Intra Group and Intergroup Processes - 2069 Words

The Application of Intergroup Relations to the Case of Ritual Fight Involving New British Marine Recruits Teams and work groups function in organizational and interdependent relationship settings. These organizational groups are interdependent as they function to fulfil the goals of the whole organization. Groups rely on each other to gain valuable information necessary for their operation. In business, the marketing department may depend on the production to reach out for more market, whereas the production department may depend on the marketing to moderate in production. Intra group relationships take on similar processes, but apply within the group. Group members form bonds for interdependent reliance individual. Group favoritism is†¦show more content†¦The definition takes into account cases involving two people interacting, and not necessarily many people in a situation. The premise of concern in this case is that the two portray action in line with their group. We often bring together various intergroup relations features like group favoritism, prejudice, identification, and out group derogation. These are actually different empirically, and their associated theoretical traditions are different. Brown (1998) identifies three types of in group favoritism. The first type is the ‘we are good’ perception where the in group is valued highly while the out-group is neutrally regarded. The second type is a form of intergroup differentiation where there is an in-group enhancement and at the same time some mild out group derogation. In the third type there is some in-group preference that is not well pronounced, but clearly evident out-group derogation. Members view other groups as ‘bad’, but do not necessarily perceive themselves as ‘good’ (Brown, 1998). Situations of favoritism could be an impediment to intergroup relations because they could highly cause intergroup conflict. This could further affect the functions of an organization negatively in two ways. First, groups may be drawn into intergroup competition to such an extent that conflict solutions, whichShow MoreRelatedSocial Psychology -Inter/Intra Group Dynamics1051 Words   |  5 Pagesand show how it relates to current literature and research on inter-and/or intra-group dynamics Intergroup conflict One determinant of intergroup conflict is the desire on the part of group member to gain positive outcomes for themselves and for their group Competition can increase intergroup conflict Intergroup conflict exaggerated * results of in-group favourtism * favour own group over others intergroup conflict (created in summer camp) frequently begins with some form of realisticRead MoreTajfel And Turner Social Identity Theory1462 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstanding of intergroup relations. The emphasis the complex â€Å"interweaving of an individual or interpersonal behavior with contextual social processes of intergroup conflict† (p.276). Social identity theory, thus emphasizes intergroup relations (the relationship an individual has with his group and between an outgroup) and categorical distinction (what sets an individual apart from another outgroup). Korostelina describes this as â€Å"the processes of identification with other group members† (p.23)Read MoreSocial Psychology And Its Impact On Individual Behavior1262 Words   |  6 Pagesconsiderations. Central themes Three central themes are apparent in social psychology research. These themes are group influence, subjectism, and non-obvious experimental demonstrations. Studies of power of group on individual behavior dominated in the early days of social psychology research. Researchers recognized that both explicit and implicit group norms are important. Moreover, reference groups serve as a source of norms and are closely associated with a degree of satisfaction with individual lifeRead MoreIndividual Reflection Paper on Your 5020 Group Experience4784 Words   |  20 PagesIndividual Reflection Paper on Your 5020 Group Experience Introduction This reflection paper is a compilation of what Group or Team C, experience during the execution of the Group Project Paper on Goal Setting in Organizations within Burger King Corporation. The paper covers important topics such as how the group was formed, leadership, the evolution of the group/team over the term, group/team dynamics, group structure, team communication and Intergroup/intra-group conflict. This paper connects theRead MoreBusiness Functions And Functions Of An Organization Essay936 Words   |  4 Pages2) Organisation of the three-dimensional matrix Business functions (dark grey lines) It refers to the outward directed activity systems of an organisation as business functions. In the management literature they are often referred to as business processes or throughput functions. The business functions are concerned with the provision of goods and services to the external customers of the organisation. They express the main purpose of the organisation, why the business exists. Some organisations haveRead MoreSocial Psychology And Social Justice1322 Words   |  6 Pagesare related social equality are continuing to be relevant today. A challenging aspect of this topic is a lack of consensus among scholars with regards to its definition. Moreover, understandings of social justice require integration of individual, group, and system level insights. Holding a balance between subjective and objective experiences with respect to what construed as just is essential. Understandings gained from research would assist researchers to identify obstacles to fair community includ ingRead MoreHow Delegation Is Important For The Development And Efficiency Of An Organization Essay1582 Words   |  7 Pagesmotivates worker and enables the proper utilisation of resources. It will provide workers motivation and inspiration to stay with in a group. Team participation can be implemented by conducting meeting, workshops, memos and suggestions. In order to attain maximum team participation ,there should be clear idea about the goal to achieved. Make everyone in the group a leader, which means valuing every ones thoughts. http://www.ittoolkit.com/how-to-it/projects/team-participation.html 4) Modern conceptRead MoreCritically Evaluate the Cognitive Theory of Stereotyping.3286 Words   |  14 Pagestowards members of a group on account of their membership to that group. This definition implies that stereotyping is primarily a group process, through the individuals psyches within that group. A further idea of stereotyping, defined by Allport (1954) as thinking ill of others without warrant, is that people make their mind up without any personal experience. This pre judgement about a whole group is then transferred to the stigmatisation of any individuals in that group. It is these ideasRead MoreWhy Are Identities Relevant?4487 Words   |  18 PagesThey want to define and establish the concept of the â€Å"People of Europe (Council 1987, 22).† This has been a task that many political systems have tried to accomplish through history. A common way of creating identities is through social or cultural processes. Some nations created folkloric tales about their creat ion, others created a national anthem, and others enforced a national identity through their education. I define identity as the feeling of belonging to a community based on shared experiencesRead MoreDiversity in the Workplace5680 Words   |  23 Pagesresources to a variety of other diversity-related initiatives, including dedicated diversity management staffs and workplace programs and benefits such as flexible work arrangements, domestic partner benefits, corporate-sponsored employee affinity groups, and other programs de- signed to attract and retain a diverse workforce (Corporate Leadership Council, 2003). Demographic shifts have occurred due to the guidelines in diversity, but this matter isn’t all about surface level diversity any longer

Cell Phones in the Classroom Keep Them Banned, or...

Cell phones are quickly becoming a child and teenager’s new best friend. In fact, they even seem to be replacing human contact, and are now how both children and teenagers communicate with each other. Cell phone sales have sky rocketed at an alarming rate, and many of the consumers are under the age of 18, meaning they are still in elementary and high school. Society has influenced students to feel that they need to own a cell phone to be â€Å"cool†, thus making the issue of cell phones in the classroom society context vs. students (area 13). Cell phones have now begun to be a large distraction in the classroom, and are the newest item that many schools have had to implement a policy for; many of these policies simply ban the use of cell†¦show more content†¦Keeping this in mind, is it possible that allowing a student to have a cell phone in class, thus alleviating the feeling of anxiousness, could potentially make a student less distracted then by them ac tually using the cell phone? Privacy has always been an issue in classrooms, but now with more and more students having access to a cell phone with a camera built in, these issues are becoming more apparent and with a greater intensity. Cell phones with a camera, also known as a â€Å"camera phone†, provide students with an opportunity to quickly send an incriminating or embarrassing photo to a vast number of people in a short period of time. This is not just a concern for teacher’s privacy, but it is also a concern regarding bullying; students now have access to an entirely new form of bullying by sending pictures or texts to the person that is being bulled. Privacy issues are inevitable, and will always be a problem in a school setting; therefore, privacy cannot be the sole reason to ban cell phones from school. If people were to stop and take into consideration the potentially positive effects of having a cell phone in the classroom, the ban on cell phones may not have been put into effect so quickly. Expanding on the ideas of Vicki Davis, a teacher who blogs regularly, cell phones can be used positively in the classroom. Cell phones can allow students to be more organized; every cell phone has a calendar option in which students would be able to writeShow MoreRelatedImportance Of Cell Phones In The Classroom1719 Words   |  7 PagesThe idea of cell phones in the classroom is an immensely debated topic. Researchers and professors have done research and conducted experiments to decide if having technology in the classroom is beneficial or simply a distraction. Many school’s policies on the use of technology vary depending on the type of education system. The statistics given based on whether cell phone use is permitted at school is oftentimes used to support one side of the argument. People tend to lean towards a specific sideRead MoreTechnology : The Face Of The Universe2504 Words   |  11 Pagesmiddle-class homes are filled wit h computers and mobile devices, schools are grappling with the question of how much technology to bring into the classrooms. Many teachers have given in and allowed their students to listen to music through their earbuds while doing individual classwork. Cellphones are working to become new sources for higher grades in the classroom. Newer functioned apps help to perform greater tasks to search the web at the touch of your finger. Zooming to find answers will steadily improveRead MoreLegal and Ethical Implications for Classroom Management Essay2481 Words   |  10 PagesLegal and Ethical Implications for Classroom Management July 07, 2010 Classroom Management Classroom management is the key to a successful school year for both the teacher and the students. I have read about various methods, techniques, and disciplines useful in establishing a solid foundation for student cooperation and participation. I wholeheartedly understand that I cannot control another person’s thoughts, feelings, and/or actions. However, I do believe I am capable of establishingRead MoreTechnology Is Not A Distraction2395 Words   |  10 Pagesuse technology in the classroom because it improves student’s achievements, keeps student’s involved, and promotes higher thinking. For example, US News journalist Ryan Lytle wrote an article stating an Advanced Placement Calculus teacher named Stacey Roshan, an instructor at Bullis; a private school for students in grades three through twelve in Potomac, Maryland. According to Lytle, the students in her class â€Å"faced the problem of trying to keep her engaged as she walked them through the difficultRead MoreOpening, Lodgment and Retirement Procedures and Performance of Prime Bank Limited14692 Words   |  59 Pagessaving from the general people and channeling those saving for investment and thus economic development and growth. To satisfy the demand as well as to improve the commercial banking service in our country, Prime Bank Limited, a scheduled bank was incorporate to initiate its operation with the aim to play the vital role on the socio economic development of the country. At present Prime Bank Ltd (PBL) is one of the leading private sector banks in our country in terms of quality services to the customersRead MoreNokias Human Resources System144007 Words   |  577 Pagesfacts are forward ­looking statements, including, without limitation, those regarding: †¢ the intention to form a strategic partnership with Microsoft to combine complementary assets and expertise to form a global mobile ecosystem and to adopt Windows Phone as our primary smartphone platform, including the expected plans and benefits of such partnership; †¢ the timing and expected benefits of our new strategy, including expected operational and financial benefits and targets as well as changes in leadershipRead MoreAn Evaluation of an on-Farm Food Safety Program for Ontario Greenhouse Vegetable Producers; a Global Blueprint for Fruit and Vegetable Producers51659 Words   |  207 Pageswho have all acted as mentors to me (whether they know it or not). This thesis would n ot have been possible if it wasn t for the support and friendship of Shane Morris, Amber Bailey, Katija Blaine and Justin Kastner. On numerous occasions each of them have challenged me to become a better graduate student, learn as much as I could about my research and produce something that the group would be proud of. As clichà ©d as it may sound, my experiences exploring food safety questions while working at theRead MoreMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 Pagesmarketing strategies (or, in the corporate-level strategy, a supporting acquisition strategy may be used to handle the innovation issue). Make a list of alternative possibilities and use the external and internal analyses that you have conducted to assess them. Choose one set of alternatives. How do these differ from current strategies? Make sure the strategies chosen ï ¬ t in with your earlier analysis. Use all the conclusions in the earlier analysis. For example (and bear in mind that this is simpliï ¬ ed toRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesCalifornia State University Sacramento. Thinking and writing about logical reasoning has been enjoyable for me, but special thanks go to my children, Joshua, 8, and Justine, 3, for comic relief during the months of writing. This book is dedicated to them. For the 2012 edition: This book is dedicated to my wife Hellan whose good advice has improved the book in many ways. vi Table of Contents Preface...........................................................................................Read MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pagesprevious editions had been translated into several languages—some without prior knowledge of the authors and publisher. That edition also changed its title to Library and Information Center Management to more accurately reflect a broader focus and to incorporate a deeper discussion on each topical chapter, with new materials, features, topics, examples, and insights. The fifth edition identified trends, updated discussion of research and theories, and was greatly expanded to include many more examples of

BD Case Analysis free essay sample

The Black Decker Corporation has three major segments which are Professional-Industrial tools, Professional-Tradesmen tools and Consumer tools. It is making good profit in Professional-Industrial and Consumer segments but has only 9% share in Professional-Tradesmen, compared to 50% share of Makita (Table A). One of the reasons of this difference is that due to the popularity of Black Decker in the Consumer segment, tradesmen view Black Decker’s products as for use at home rather than professional, according to the brand perception statistics of Professional-Tradesmen segment buyers(Figure C). The other possible reason is that Black Decker has black/charcoal grey for all their products, compared to Makita that differentiates their professional product line with teal color versus consumer’s black/charcoal grey (Figure D). Thus, when tradesmen look at the Black Decker’s Professional-Industrial product line they assume that those are Comsumer segment tools and don’t even consider them as appropriate tools for use in business, even though, according to the professional power tool product assessment results (Figure E), most of Black Decker’s products are ranked either leading or competitive. We will write a custom essay sample on BD Case Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2. Describe buyer behavior of tradesmen Tradesmen always want to look professional in their jobs. They will care so much about products that they use because those tools may lead to define tradesmen’s skills and how professional they are. However, most of tradesmen think that Black Decker products are made for households. The strong Black Decker’s consumer tool products image is deeply embedded in customers’ minds. Thus, tradesmen who are willing to be seen professional try to avoid purchasing Black Decker’s products. 3. Analyze the competitive situation (strength and weakness of Black Decker, Makita and Milwakee) Black Decker The main strengths of Black Decker are: since Black Decker was the first one to receive the patent, it has a benefit of being a first mover in the market of power tools; highly stretched product line and expanded product mix width and depth (which allows the company to cover all types of customers); high product quality per product research data; great distribution system through well-known companes such as W. W. Grainger, Walmart, and K-Mart. It has 45% of market share in the Consumer market and 20% of the Professional-Industrial market. High market share in these two segments gives a significant amount of funds that can help developing the Professional-Tradesmen segment. In addition, according to Table B, Black Decker has the highest brand awareness. The main weakness of Black Decker is that, even though it has high quality, it is not perceived as it is in the Professional-Tradesmen sector. This makes customers look for alternative brands when purchasing Professional-Tradesmen products. One of the reasons of low brand percption is due to using similar color for products in all segments. This gives customers the impression that Professional-Tradesmen products have the similar quality that Consumer products do. Makita The main strength of Makita is that it has a strong brand perception of Professional-Tradesmen segment and holds approximately 50% of Professional-Tradesmen segment share. This strong perception leads to other beneficial effects. Since general workers in residential construction invest $3,000 in 10 or so â€Å"tools of the trade† and spend $1,000 a year on average for replacement, it can have a stable profit through sales of Professional-Tradesmen products. Another distinctive strength can be that Makita uses unique color which is teal. Since it is easily distinguishable among other products and has high brand perception, many customers would easily select Makita’s product. Makita can also construct a unique brand image color in the mind of customers. However, the main weakness is that it actually does not have strong competitive advantage in product quality. It would be hard to maintain strong perception if customers become aware that the product quality does not exceed competitors’. According to figure E, Black Decker actually has more advantage regarding product quality which is a huge threat to Makita. In addition, retailers are not positive toward Makita which can give damage to market share of Makita. Milwaukee The main strength of Milwaukee is that it has high customer loyalty. Table C and D show that Milwakee is regarded one of the best products and high preference rate. This infers that it has more loyal customers compared to other brands. The main weakness is that high brand perception does not lead to purchasing of their products. According to Figure C, Milwaukee has highest brand perception with Makita. However, Table A shows that Milwaukee’s market of tradesmen segment is much lower than Makita. 4. Choose the action plan on page 10 Option 3 drop the Black Decker name from the Professional Tradesmen segment is the best choice among the three options. Although the Black Decker brand name has positive reputation among consumers, it has a negative brand image among tradesmen. Bad reputation of Black Decker spreads quickly between tradesmen as they would discuss over work sites. Even though the portion of Professional-Tradesmen segment in the Black Decker’s total revenue is small, there is still a possiblilty of its success in the section because it has a relatively high growth rate of about 9%, comparing to Professional-Industry segment’s stagnant growth and Consumer segment’s 7% growth rate. The first and second option are not that optimal as the third option. If Black Decker chooses the first option, it might result in giving up possible future profit. The second option uses sub brand name while also exposing Black Decker Brand name to consumers. However, it might be difficult to conduct this option to consumers who have negative image toward Black Decker brand name, especially the tradesmen, because Black Decker`s negative image will also affect the image of sub brands. On the other hand, there is one proven possibility of option number 3. The Black Decker succeeds in having higher favorability rate at the survey by using the brand name Dewalt which Black Decker bought in 1960. If Black Decker conceals its brand name and use that brand name, it can avoid negative effect from unfavorable image and get profit from the Professional-Tradesmen segment. Statistic also shows that DeWalt had acheived an â€Å"Is One of the Best† agreement percent of 63% from tradesmen, comparing to BD’s 44%. Further research also proves that 51% of tradesmen would have purchase interest in the DeWalt brand. On top of the positive image that DeWalt has among tradesmen, the numbers also shows the there is high interest in the brand. The above concludes that the Black Decker is better to drop its name from the Professtional-Tradesmen segment and use the brand name DeWalt, proposing that there is a high possibility of the success of DeWalt.